LEARNING LUGANDA

While English is the official language, Ugandans as small children first learn to speak one of more than forty native tongues that fall into four families: Bantu, Nilotic, Central Sudanic, Kuliak. Among the four, more people speak a variety of Bantu and the Luganda language is the largest within the Bantu group.  Moreover, Luganda is the dominant language in central Uganda where Kampala, the capital is located and where I am stationed as a volunteer.

Although educated people speak English, Luganda is the language one hears on the streets, in taxis, in restaurants - that the ordinary speech of people.  Here television station programs are in either English or Luganda and there is a healthy English and Luganda press.

All that I might ever want to know about Luganda, and then some.

So, upon arriving I decided to try to learn Luganda, at least enough to order dinner, ask directions and shop.  This has been a more difficult task than I thought as both the vocabulary and word structure are quite different than English and European languages.  For example, there are at least eight noun classes in Luganda, each with its own rules for forming plurals and adjectival agreement.  Furthermore, while in English we tend to add suffixes such as making the plural or regular nouns when we add s, in Luganda one adds at the front of the noun to make plurals and for other reasons.

A good example of all this is from class one nouns which designate people (although not all people are in class one).  Using the root for person, ntu, one creates the singular by adding omu getting omuntu, person; using the plural prefix, aba, one gets abantu, people.  Similarly the root for girl is wala yielding omuwala, girl, and abawala, girls.  According to my teacher, other noun classes use different prefixes, making my head spin.

There are many other complications that make learning Luganda difficult but not impossible.  But the little I have mastered has gotten a smile from some locals and respect on a bus ride recently when I was able to state where I was going and ask the bus to stop when I arrived. 

And I leave with this simple exchange: question: Obulamu? (How’s life) Answer: Bulungi (fine).

DEAD WHITE PEOPLE'S CLOTHES

Used Clothes For Sale in Owino Market, Kampala,Uganda

I was told by one of my American volunteer colleagues, Sam Tuttleman, that Ugandans think that the used clothes that are found here are from “dead white Americans”.  Sam explained that they think this because only when people die, they reason, would such fine clothes be discarded. 

Now it is true that large quantities of used clothes from organizations such as the Salvation Army and Goodwill Industries are sold to third world countries generally and in particular, Uganda. Apparently, the volume of clothes collected in the United States is too large to be resold locally. According to Sam, there is a movement to reduce the flow of used clothes to Africa because some argue that it undermines the African textile industry.  For more information about this see for example: http://www.theroot.com/views/dead-white-people-s-clothes .

But I wanted to test the veracity of the way Ugandans characterize these garments.  First I checked at the Owino Market in Kampala, the largest open air clothes market in Uganda and one of the biggest in Africa.  Yes, I saw many used American garments and also bundles of used clothes that were unopened. Then I asked one of my co-workers, Jennifer Amejja. “No she chuckled, we Ugandans know this is untrue.  There are so many clothes, how could there by so many dead Americans?  But she added, we think that you Americans give away good clothes when you tire of them.” 

MODES OF TRANSPORT

Medi Ntege 

Yesterday evening in Kampala, the electricity suddenly shut down – a brown-out that I was told to expect.  The electric supply cannot keep up with demand as Kampala, a young city, experiences explosive growth.  The population has jumped from 46,000 in 1959, 775,000 in 1991, and 1.6 Million today. The signs of this expansion can be seen everywhere: jammed roads, slums with makeshift buildings, the green hills yielding to houses, acrid air from diesel exhaust, people crowding the streets and along the roads. 

The greater Kampala transportation network consists of a number of main paved roads that intersect in roundabouts – what we call rotaries – and unpaved and rutted side streets.  The downtown is paved but the sidewalks are narrow and, as a result, pedestrians spill into the streets.  There are very few traffic lights and stop signs, and those that exist seem to be universally ignored. 

I was driven about today by my landlord, Mohammed Ntege, a large friendly fellow with a huge smile.  Medi as he is called drives a 1990’s Toyota sedan fearlessly, negotiating traffic and missing collisions by a hair’s breadth.  The other drivers do the same and, in this organized chaos, traffic moves and no one appears to get hurt.  As a condition of coming to Uganda through American Jewish World Services (AJWS) headquartered in New York City, I had to sign a document agreeing not to drive an automobile or motorcycle while in Uganda.  The organization could have skipped this notice.  I have driven in New York City and Boston and, believe me, there is no way that even an aggressive American driver would be able to function here.

In addition to private cars and specialty buses – city to city and school buses – people move by taxis called private hires, small motorcycles that are called locally boda-bodas and Toyota vans that are called Mutatus or taxis.  In my two days here besides rides with Medi and an AJWS staffer, I’ve been using the local vans and, once, the boda-bodas. Twelve to fourteen people often with parcels pack into the vans that cost 1500 shillings about 60 cents a ride.  The driver is aided by a young man who opens and closes the sliding door, takes fares and organizes the seating.  As I have experienced consistently in Uganda, people take the daily challenges in stride with equanimity. The traffic delays congestion that would cause an American to go into road rage, are born by Kampalans without a frown or raised eyebrow.

The boda-bodas are everywhere, weaving in and out of traffic, sometimes even going in the wrong lane direction.  These traffic gnats were the one thing that caused Medi to complain.  And he warned me, correctly, to be very careful upon exiting his auto to make sure I looked both ways to avoid being hit by a boda-boda.

Of course, all these vehicles require imported gasoline to run.  But Uganda and now Kenya has discovered what looks like major oil fields. This holds both promise and peril for this country.  As Medi said referring to what has happened in countries like Nigeria, “I worry about the curse of oil for Uganda.”  

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE OF UGANDA

Irene Kwagume, a Ugandan educator who assisted with the training for volunteers last week, remarked that Americans need to know more about Africa.  In an attempt to present some background information about Uganda where I am working for three months, I have prepared the following multiple choice quiz.  Please give it your best shot and then look at the answers below.  Good luck!

1)      Uganda is located in: a) west Africa, b) south Africa, c) east Africa, d) north Africa.

2)      Uganda achieved its independence from Great Britain on: a) October 9, 1942, b) October 9, 1962, c) October 9, 1982, d) October 9, 2002.

3)      The president of Uganda is: a) Idi Amin b) Yoweri Museveni, c) Mohammar Khadaffi, d) Mikail Gorbachev.

4)      The following countries border Uganda: a) Zimbabwe, Zaire, Botswana; b) Libya, Morocco, Egypt; c) South Sudan, Tanzania, Kenya; d) Burundi, Malawi, Angola

5)      The main exports of Uganda are: a) Rice, maize, tobacco; b) iron ore, teak, copper ore; c) cane sugar, sugar, tobacco; d) coffee, cotton, tea.

6)      Uganda is nearest the a) Indian Ocean, b) Atlantic Ocean, c) Pacific Ocean, d) North Sea

7)      The capital of Uganda is a) Kampala, b) Nairobi, c) Johannesburg, d) Cairo

8)      The population of Uganda is approximately a) 3.5 million, b) 10 million, c) 34 Million, d) 75 Million.

9)      Uganda’s land area is approximately the same as the U.S state of: a) Rhode Island, b) Maine, c) Oregon, d) Texas.

10)   The official language of Uganda is: a) Swahili, b) Bantu, c) English, d) French.

11)   The major religions of Uganda (1% or more of the population)  are: a) Roman Catholic, Church of Uganda (Anglican); b) Muslim, Pentecostal; c) Seventh Day Adventist, traditional; d) a, b, and c.

12)   In 2005 a major discovery of what resource was made in Uganda: a) copper, b) iron, c) petroleum, d) coal.

13)   The picture in this post from Uganda shows: a) ant hill, b) termite hill, c) natural hill, d) African mountain.

Answers: 1) c; 2) b; 3) b; 4) c; 5) d; 6) a; 7) a; 8) c; 9) c; 10) c; 11) d; 12) c; 13) b.

WHAT IS THIS (SEE QUIZ QUESTION 13?)

MASSACHUSETTS PUBLIC HIGHER ED - TEN YEAR LOOK BACK

The trend in Massachusetts public higher education over the last ten years is a bleak picture with falling state support, but higher enrollment, increased number of graduates and rising student charges.  Here  are the numbers:

State Appropriations for community colleges and state universities - DOWN 11%

Student Charges at State Universities UP 168%

Student Charges at Community Colleges UP 86%

Numbers of graduates at State Universities UP 12% 

Number of graduates at Community Colleges UP up 21% 

These long-term developments strike at the core of public higher education as costs are shifted increasingly to students.  What would Horace Mann think of Massachusetts today?

Horace Mann of Masschusetts, one of giants of public education in the 19th Century

PUBLIC HIGHER ED GOES TO THE MASS. STATE HOUSE

STCC Students in front of the State House on lobby day, March 8, 2012.

Public College students waiting to enter State House, March 12, 2012.

Students overflowing the State House auditorium at the start of lobby day, March 8, 2012.  All photos by Bill Brooks.

MISSION TO DALLAS

THE STCC TEAM IN DALLAS AT THE ACHIEVING THE DREAM STRATEGY INSTITUTE, MARCH 1, 2012. From left to right:  Matt Gravel, Arlene Rodriguez, Jess Hill, Hugette Williams, Lauren Brewer, Donna Bedinelli, Theresa Shea, Kamari Collins, Vanessa Hill, Linda Meccouri, Bob Dickerman, Diane Snyder, Nicole Bedinelli